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Diseases and Conditions |
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Endocrinology:
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) also known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome or
functional ovarian hyperandrogenism, is a complex endocrine disorder
associated with a long-term lack of ovulation (anovulation) and an excess
of androgens (male hormones, e.g., testosterone).
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The disorder is characterized by the formation of eight or more follicular
cysts of 10 mm or smaller in the ovaries, a process related to the ovary's
failure to release an egg (ovum). PCOS is one of the most frequent causes
of infertility.
Symptoms may include various menstrual problems, hirsutism (excessive body
or facial hair), endocrine abnormalities, acne, obesity, infertility,
diabetes with insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia. Even if specific
symptoms are not causing an immediate problem, PCOS can have significant
long-term effects, including diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial or
breast cancer, so seeking treatment is critical.
PCOS treatment decisions depend on symptoms, age, whether or not the
patient wants to become pregnant, and the degree of ovarian, adrenal and
androgen excess. First line management includes diet modification, weight
loss and stress reduction since obesity and stress can contribute to
androgen excess. Other management and treatment approaches are directed at
addressing specific symptoms (i.e. acne, excess hair growth, menstrual
problems, infertility) and at preventing long-term complications, given
that PCOS can begin in adolescence or earlier.
Some PCOS symptoms (acne, menstrual irregularity) may affect body image
and self-esteem, and may be of concern, especially in adolescent girls.
Education and support are important in helping young women cope with the
physical and psychological aspects of PCOS.
More Information on the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Guidebook |
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